Question 1

What is the EU PPWR empty space limit for packaging?

Accepted Answer

Article 24 of the EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) sets a maximum 'empty space ratio' for packaging: 40% for e-commerce shipments and 50% for other transport and grouped packaging. The regulation begins applying from 12 August 2026, with requirements phased in by packaging category - check official EU guidance for the exact timeline that applies to your business.

Question 2

How do you calculate the void space ratio of a box?

Accepted Answer

Void space ratio = (box volume - product volume) / box volume x 100. For example, a 9,000 cm³ box containing a 1,200 cm³ product has a void space ratio of (9000-1200)/9000 x 100 = 86.7%, which exceeds both the 40% and 50% PPWR limits.

Question 3

Does bubble wrap or packing paper count as empty space under PPWR?

Accepted Answer

Yes. Under PPWR Article 24, filler materials such as air pillows, bubble wrap, foam, and paper padding all count as empty space - they do not reduce your void space ratio. Only the volume of the product itself counts toward filling the box.

Question 4

How can I reduce my package's void space ratio?

Accepted Answer

Switch to a smaller box that closely matches your product's dimensions, use a carton with adjustable or scored fold lines to right-size on the spot, or consolidate multiple items into a single shipment instead of separate oversized boxes. This calculator suggests a box size that would bring you under the limit and lists common carton sizes that already comply.

Packaging Void Space Calculator